Aboriginal people dream on a timeless continent
Australia’s Aboriginal people were thought to have arrived here by boat from South East Asia during the last Ice Age, at least 50,000 years ago. At the time of European discovery and settlement, up to one million Aboriginal people lived across the continent as hunters and gatherers. They were scattered in 300 clans and spoke 250 languages and 700 dialects. Each clan had a spiritual connection with a specific piece of land. However, they also travelled widely to trade
, find water and seasonal produce and for ritual and totemic gatherings.
Despite the diversity of their homelands
- from outback
deserts and tropical rainforests to snow-capped mountains – all
Aboriginal people share a belief in the timeless, magical realm of the
Dreamtime. According to Aboriginal myth, totemic spirit ancestors forged
all aspects of life during the Dreamtime of the world’s creation. These
spirit ancestors continue to connect natural phenomena, as well as
past, present and future through every aspect of Aboriginal culture.
Britain arrives and brings its convicts
A number of European explorers sailed the coast of Australia, then known as New Holland, in the 17th century. However it wasn’t until 1770 that Captain James Cook chartered the east coast and claimed it for Britain. The new outpost was put to use as a penal colony and on 26 January 1788, the First Fleet of 11 ships carrying 1,500 people – half of them convicts – arrived in Sydney Harbour. Until penal transportation ended in 1868, 160,000 men and women came to Australia as convicts.
While free settlers began to flow in from the early 1790s, life for prisoners was harsh. Women were outnumbered five to one and lived under constant threat of sexual exploitation. Male re-offenders were brutally flogged and could be hung for crimes as petty as stealing. The Aboriginal people displaced by the new settlement suffered even more. The dispossession of land and illness and death from introduced diseases disrupted traditional lifestyles and practices.
Squatters push across the continent
By the 1820s, many soldiers, officers and emancipated convicts had turned land they received from the government into flourishing farms. News of Australia’s cheap land and bountiful work was bringing more and more boatloads of adventurous migrants from Britain. Settlers or ‘squatters’ began to move deeper into Aboriginal territories – often with a gun - in search of pasture and water for their stock.
In 1825, a party of soldiers and convicts settled in the territory of the Yuggera people, close to modern-day Brisbane. Perth was settled by English gentlemen in 1829, and 1835 a squatter sailed to Port Phillip Bay and chose the location for Melbourne. At the same time a private British company, proud to have no convict links, settled Adelaide in South Australia.
Gold fever brings wealth, migrants and rebellion
Gold was discovered in New South Wales and central Victoria
in 1851, luring thousands of young men and some adventurous young women
from the colonies. They were joined by boat loads of prospectors from
China and a chaotic carnival of entertainers, publicans, illicit
liquor-sellers, prostitutes and quacks from across the world. In
Victoria, the British governor’s attempts to impose order - a monthly
licence and heavy-handed troopers - led to the bloody anti-authoritarian
struggle of the Eureka stockade in 1854. Despite the violence on the goldfields, the wealth from gold and wool brought immense investment to Melbourne and Sydney and by the 1880s they were stylish modern cities.
Australia becomes a nation
Australia’s six states became a nation under a single constitution on 1 January 1901. Today Australia is home to people from more than 200 countries.
Australians go to war
The First World War had a devastating effect on Australia. There were less than 3 million men in 1914, yet almost 400,000 of them volunteered to fight in the war. An estimated 60,000 died and tens of thousands were wounded. In reaction to the grief, the 1920s was a whirlwind of new cars and cinemas, American jazz and movies and fervour for the British Empire. When the Great Depression hit in 1929, social and economic divisions widened and many Australian financial
institutions failed. Sport was the national distraction and sporting
heroes such as the racehorse Phar Lap and cricketer Donald Bradman
gained near-mythical status.
During the Second World War, Australian forces made a significant contribution to the Allied victory in Europe, Asia and the Pacific. The generation that fought in the war and survived came out of it with a sense of pride in Australia’s capabilities.
New Australians arrive to a post-war boom
After the war ended in 1945, hundreds of thousands of migrants from across Europe and the Middle East arrived in Australia, many finding jobs in the booming manufacturing sector. Many of the women who took factory jobs while the men were at war continued to work during peacetime.
Australia’s economy grew throughout the 1950s with major nation-building projects such as the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme in the mountains near Canberra. International demand grew for Australia’s major exports of metals, wools, meat and wheat and suburban Australia also prospered. The rate of home ownership rose dramatically from barely 40 per cent in 1947 to more than 70 per cent by the 1960s.
Australia loosens up
Like many other countries, Australia was swept up in the revolutionary atmosphere of the 1960s. Australia’s new ethnic diversity, increasing independence from Britain and popular resistance to the Vietnam War all contributed to an atmosphere of political, economic and social change. In 1967, Australians voted overwhelmingly ‘yes’ in a national referendum to let the federal government make laws on behalf of Aboriginal Australians and include them in future censuses. The result was the culmination of a strong reform campaign by both Aboriginal and white Australians.
In 1972, the Australian Labor Party under the idealistic leadership of lawyer Gough Whitlam was elected to power, ending the post-war domination of the Liberal and Country Party coalition. Over the next three years, his new government ended conscription, abolished university fees and introduced free universal health care. It abandoned the White Australia policy, embraced multiculturalism and introduced no-fault divorce and equal pay for women. However by 1975, inflation and scandal led to
iPhone, iPod touch and iPad
– Features include location aware travel advice updates, Smartraveller
advice without the need for internet connections and easy repeat travel registration.
Travel advisory and
consular assistance service. Provides travel advice for countries and
events, guidance about travel insurance and staying safe and
healthy, and getting help overseas.
Travel tips and
information includes advice for if you are arrested or gaoled overseas,
avoiding trouble with drugs overseas, deaths overseas, dual nationality,
living and working overseas, returning to Australia, senior travellers,
sexual assault while travelling, tips for travelling parents, voting
overseas, what to do when someone is missing overseas and advice for
women travellers.
Provides tips on
how to pack, what to wear, travelling with children and air travel
health issues. Also includes information on dangerous goods and general
information on aviation in Australia.
Enables you to
claim a refund, subject to certain conditions, of the goods and services
tax (GST) and wine equalisation tax (WET) that you pay on goods you buy
in Australia.
Responsible for the Australian Government's international relations, trade and development assistance programs and Embassies, High Commissions and Consulates throughout the world.
Current exchange rates as listed by the Reserve Bank of Australia.
The Australian
Customs and Border Protection Service provides information on buying and
importing goods from overseas, and for travellers arriving in and
departing from Australia.
Medicines brought
into and taken out of Australia may be subject to respective import and
export controls. If you are travelling into or out of Australia it is
advisable that you have essential medicines for existing medical
conditions.
The Australian
Government's Health Emergency website keeps you up-to-date with
important information about health emergencies in Australia, and the
actions you can take to protect yourself, your family and the community.
Guidance provided is based on current information and is subject to
change based on ongoing surveillance and risk assessment.
All Australians
travelling overseas should register with the Department of Foreign
Affairs and Trade before travel. Your registration information will help
find you in an emergency.
Reference maps of
Australia include wall maps, folio and report maps and general reference
maps. Thematic maps include external territories, tourist maps,
maritime zones and more.
Subscribe to
Smartraveller travel advisories for the destinations you intend to visit
and receive alerts, via email, each time the travel advice for one of
your destinations is updated.
Provides expert
travel health advice, travellers' medical kits, vaccinations and
anti-malarials, current health alerts for overseas travel and much more.
Plan your trip
using travel smart hints for Australian travellers from the Australian
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Issued free with your passport
and available for download.
Helps domestic and
international travellers learn more about the security measures in place
at Australian airports and what they need to do to comply.
A global radio
telescope project, the SKA will be the largest and most capable radio
telescope ever constructed. Australia and southern Africa will each host
different components of the SKA.
Leads Australia's
Antarctic program. It conducts antarctic research, protects the
Antarctic environment and maintains the Antarctic Treaty System.
Operates the Anglo-Australian and UK Schmidt telescopes on behalf of the astronomical community of Australia.
Australia's
tropical marine research agency. Provides leadership in research into
tropical marine environments and their living aquatic resources.
Conducts research
and development in relation to a broad range of nuclear science and
technology activities, and the production and use of radioisotopes.
Provides a
whole-of-government approach to ocean data management. A joint venture
between six Australian Government marine data agencies.
Lists links to a
diverse to range of information on Australian science and technology
resources, as well as providing a starting place for researchers in this
field.
Provides weather
forecasts, warnings and observations for all states and territories of
Australia. Also provides information about climate, hydrology and other
weather services such as weather charts, radar images, satellite images
and marine weather.
Professor Ian Chubb
AC, as Chief Scientist for Australia, provides high-level independent
advice to the Government on science, technology and innovation issues of
central or emerging importance.
One of the world's
largest and most diverse scientific and industrial research
organisations, supporting Australia's industry needs.
Woman killed from sneezing while driving
BWNToday
Woman asks why the government tells deer to cross roadways
BWNToday
105-year-old woman gets accepted into preschool
BWNToday
82-year-old man jailed after his dog killed a cat
BWNToday
Serial groper convicted of groping woman who was sitting next to her husband...
BWNToday
Judge orders woman to hold "I stole from a 9 year old" sign
BWNToday
CSIROpedia explores
some of CSIRO's greatest innovations and discoveries across the
decades. It tells the story of their achievements and achievers.
Delivers
professional, impartial and informed advice on science and technology
best suited to Australia's defence and security needs.
Applies geoscience
to Australia's most important challenges by providing geoscience
information, services and capability to the Australian Government,
industry and stakeholders.
Provides links to the information of the state, territory and Australian Government geoscience agencies.
16–24 August 2014
Provides an opportunity to acknowledge the contributions of Australian scientists, encourages an interest in science pursuits among the general public, and encourages younger people to be fascinated by the world we live in.
Makes an experience
with science and technology fun, educational and interactive and
promotes greater understanding and awareness of science and technology
within the community.
Provides information on Australian Government science initiatives. The
Department incorporates a number of science agencies, hosts the Office
of Australia’s Chief Scientist, and acts as the primary coordinator of
science policy issues.
Provides
information on the Australian Government's space-related activities and
the Australian space sector, as well as links to space-related research
organisations, events and our international partners.
photographs, film and sound recordings and military heraldry and
technology related to Australia's Prime Ministers.
The Australia-Japan
Research Project (AJRP) aims to provide a resource for historians and
others interested in the Australia-Japan relationship, especially in
war, from 1901 to 1957. The website contains a database of historic
materials, several research essays and seminar papers, and various
research aids, including glossaries and thesauri of geographical and
military terms. The AJRP is a joint enterprise between the Australian
War Memorial and the Japanese Embassy in Canberra
Offers
a guide to internet sites for Australian history which provides a
diverse range of information on Australian history resources as well as
providing links.
Museum's blog,
updated by staff across all areas of the museum, has stories about
exhibitions, artifacts, fun activities and experiences at sea.
Includes all known
shipwrecks in Australian waters. Search for shipwrecks, relics, sunken
aircraft and other maritime cultural heritage. Includes links to premit
applications and reporting forms.
Supports research
into the history, origins and traditions of Australian democracy, with a
particular focus on Australian prime ministers. The centre, part of the
Museum of Australian Democracy, is located in Old Parliament House in
Canberra and includes a library, an exhibition, facts out Australia's
Prime Ministers and a research program.
Topics cover exhibitions being worked on, stories about people, places, events and objects, and reports from battlefield tours.
Belonging - A
Century Celebrated is an online exhibition exploring some of the ways
that people have experienced Belonging in Australia in the 20th century
William Morris
Hughes (Billy Hughes) was Prime Minister between 1915 and 1923. He led
Australia through most of the First World War. Explore activities and
resources to learn about Billy Hughes, the conscription debate and
Australia's involvement in the peace negotiations.
Provides links to
events and information about the centenary of the 1911–1914 Australasian
Antarctic Expedition (AAE) led by Douglas Mawson. Australia celebrates
both the centenary of the first Australian-led Antarctic expedition, and
100 years of Australian Antarctic expeditions.
Tells the story of
Australia through the documents which give our national, state and
territory governments the right to govern. It exhibits and explains
Australia's primary constitutional documents and traces the shaping of
Australian democracy and citizenship.
Celebrates the
Australian Antarctic Expedition 1911-1914 and the iconic Mawson’s Huts.
AAE expeditioners braved the isolation and severe climate to gather
valuable scientific and geographical information.
Provides a series
of 'house biographies' that bring to life the architectural and social
history of the small Australian house. Each story sets out the
historical context, outlines the history of the building and the social
history of the house.
Australia has had
27 prime ministers since Federation in 1901. Learn about their lives and
the times in which they lived. The National Museum of Australia also
has a range of objects related to the prime ministers.
Australia’s Aboriginal people were thought to have arrived here by boat from South East Asia during the last Ice Age, at least 50,000 years ago. At the time of European discovery and settlement, up to one million Aboriginal people lived across the continent as hunters and gatherers. They were scattered in 300 clans and spoke 250 languages and 700 dialects. Each clan had a spiritual connection with a specific piece of land. However, they also travelled widely to trade
, find water and seasonal produce and for ritual and totemic gatherings.
Despite the diversity of their homelands
Britain arrives and brings its convicts
A number of European explorers sailed the coast of Australia, then known as New Holland, in the 17th century. However it wasn’t until 1770 that Captain James Cook chartered the east coast and claimed it for Britain. The new outpost was put to use as a penal colony and on 26 January 1788, the First Fleet of 11 ships carrying 1,500 people – half of them convicts – arrived in Sydney Harbour. Until penal transportation ended in 1868, 160,000 men and women came to Australia as convicts.
While free settlers began to flow in from the early 1790s, life for prisoners was harsh. Women were outnumbered five to one and lived under constant threat of sexual exploitation. Male re-offenders were brutally flogged and could be hung for crimes as petty as stealing. The Aboriginal people displaced by the new settlement suffered even more. The dispossession of land and illness and death from introduced diseases disrupted traditional lifestyles and practices.
Squatters push across the continent
By the 1820s, many soldiers, officers and emancipated convicts had turned land they received from the government into flourishing farms. News of Australia’s cheap land and bountiful work was bringing more and more boatloads of adventurous migrants from Britain. Settlers or ‘squatters’ began to move deeper into Aboriginal territories – often with a gun - in search of pasture and water for their stock
. In 1825, a party of soldiers and convicts settled in the territory of the Yuggera people, close to modern-day Brisbane. Perth was settled by English gentlemen in 1829, and 1835 a squatter sailed to Port Phillip Bay and chose the location for Melbourne. At the same time a private British company, proud to have no convict links, settled Adelaide in South Australia.
Gold fever brings wealth, migrants and rebellion
Gold
was discovered in New South Wales and central Victoria
in 1851, luring thousands of young men and some adventurous young women
from the colonies. They were joined by boat loads of prospectors from
China and a chaotic carnival of entertainers, publicans, illicit
liquor-sellers, prostitutes and quacks from across the world. In
Victoria, the British governor’s attempts to impose order - a monthly
licence and heavy-handed troopers - led to the bloody anti-authoritarian
struggle of the Eureka stockade in 1854. Despite the violence on the goldfields, the wealth from gold and wool brought immense investment to Melbourne and Sydney and by the 1880s they were stylish modern cities. Australia becomes a nation
Australia’s six states became a nation under a single constitution on 1 January 1901. Today Australia is home to people from more than 200 countries.
Australians go to war
The First World War had a devastating effect on Australia. There were less than 3 million men in 1914, yet almost 400,000 of them volunteered to fight in the war. An estimated 60,000 died and tens of thousands were wounded. In reaction to the grief, the 1920s was a whirlwind of new cars and cinemas, American jazz and movies and fervour for the British Empire. When the Great Depression hit in 1929, social and economic divisions widened and many Australian financial
institutions failed. Sport was the national distraction and sporting
heroes such as the racehorse Phar Lap and cricketer Donald Bradman
gained near-mythical status. During the Second World War, Australian forces made a significant contribution to the Allied victory in Europe, Asia and the Pacific. The generation that fought in the war and survived came out of it with a sense of pride in Australia’s capabilities.
New Australians arrive to a post-war boom
After the war ended in 1945, hundreds of thousands of migrants from across Europe and the Middle East arrived in Australia, many finding jobs in the booming manufacturing sector. Many of the women who took factory jobs while the men were at war continued to work during peacetime.
Australia’s economy grew throughout the 1950s with major nation-building projects such as the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme in the mountains near Canberra. International demand grew for Australia’s major exports of metals, wools, meat and wheat and suburban Australia also prospered. The rate of home ownership rose dramatically from barely 40 per cent in 1947 to more than 70 per cent by the 1960s.
Australia loosens up
Like many other countries, Australia was swept up in the revolutionary atmosphere of the 1960s. Australia’s new ethnic diversity, increasing independence from Britain and popular resistance to the Vietnam War all contributed to an atmosphere of political, economic and social change. In 1967, Australians voted overwhelmingly ‘yes’ in a national referendum to let the federal government make laws on behalf of Aboriginal Australians and include them in future censuses. The result was the culmination of a strong reform campaign by both Aboriginal and white Australians.
In 1972, the Australian Labor Party under the idealistic leadership of lawyer Gough Whitlam was elected to power, ending the post-war domination of the Liberal and Country Party coalition. Over the next three years, his new government ended conscription, abolished university fees and introduced free universal health care. It abandoned the White Australia policy, embraced multiculturalism and introduced no-fault divorce and equal pay for women. However by 1975, inflation and scandal led to
Tourism and travel
Angry man throws his feces at police officers (video) (BWNToday)
Angry man throws his feces at police officers (video) (BWNToday)
Smartraveller
.
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Smartraveller
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Travel tips
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Advice for air travellers
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Advice for travellers - Tourist Refund Scheme (TRS)
Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)
and development assistance programs and Embassies, High Commissions and Consulates throughout the world.
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Exchange rates
Reserve Bank of Australia
For travellers and private individuals
Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
For travellers and visitors
Therapeutic Goods Administration
Health Emergency
Department of Health
Register before travelling overseas
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Theme and reference maps
Geoscience Australia
Travel advisories – Smartraveller
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Travel Doctor (travellers medical and vaccination centre)
Medibank Private Ltd
Travel smart – hints for Australian travellers
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
TravelSECURE
Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development
Science and technology
Australia and New Zealand SKA project
Department of Industry
Australian Antarctic Division
Australian Antarctic Division
Australian Astronomical Observatory
Department of Industry
Australian Institute of Marine Science
Australian Institute of Marine Science
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
Australian Ocean Data Centre
Department of Defence
Australian science and technology: selected websites
National Library of Australia
Bureau of Meteorology
Bureau of Meteorology
Chief Scientist for Australia
Department of Industry
CSIRO – Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
CSIRO, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Woman killed from sneezing while drivingBWNToday
Woman asks why the government tells deer to cross roadwaysBWNToday
105-year-old woman gets accepted into preschoolBWNToday
82-year-old man jailed after his dog killed a catBWNToday
Serial groper convicted of groping woman who was sitting next to her husband...BWNToday
Judge orders woman to hold "I stole from a 9 year old" signBWNToday
Brought By pRicechop
CSIROpedia
CSIRO, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Geoscience Australia
Geoscience Australia
Geoscience Portal – geoscience.gov.au
Geoscience Australia
National Science Week
Provides an opportunity to acknowledge the contributions of Australian scientists, encourages an interest in science pursuits among the general public, and encourages younger people to be fascinated by the world we live in.
Department of Industry
Questacon – National Science and Technology Centre
Questacon - National Science and Technology Centre
Science
Department of Industry
space.gov.au - the Australian Government space portal
Department of Industry
Australian War Memorial
Australia-Japan Research Project
Australian War Memorial
Australian history: selected websites
a guide to internet sites for Australian history which provides a
diverse range of information on Australian history resources as well as
providing links.
National Library of Australia
Australian National Maritime Museum
Australian National Maritime Museum
Australian National Shipwreck Database
Department of the Environment
Australian Prime Ministers Centre
Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House
Australian War Memorial blog
Australian War Memorial
Belonging - a century celebrated
National Library of Australia
Billy Hughes at war
Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House
Centenary of Australian Antarctic Expeditions
Australian Antarctic Division
Documenting A Democracy - Australia's story
National Archives of Australia
Home of the Blizzard
Australian Antarctic Division
Our House - Histories of Australian homes
Department of the Environment
Prime Ministers of Australia
National Museum of Australia
No comments:
Post a Comment